Tag Archive: dna evidence


Three Women Found Alive After Missing for a Decade

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May 9, 2013

Michelle Knight, age 32, had been missing since 2002. Amanda Berry had been missing since 2003. A third woman, Gina DeJesus was abducted in 2004 at the tender age of 14, while walking home from school. All three women are victims of a sadistic serial abductor who were found alive nearly 10 years later. Recent news reports have stated that they were confined to a house in Cleveland, Ohio.

MissingWomen Three Women Found Alive After Missing for a Decade

It is believed that Ariel Castro, age 52, and two of his brothers had kept the women chained and locked inside the suburban Cleveland residence. It has been confirmed that the women were beaten, raped and tortured on a daily basis for over a decade.

Berry was last seen on April 21, 2003. At the time, the 16-year-old was walking home from her job at a local Burger King restaurant, when she suddenly went missing. Family members became concerned when she did not arrive home for her birthday party, later that evening.

On May 6, 2013, Berry made a desperate escape attempt and wanted to return back home. She successfully phoned police from a neighbor’s house, which facilitated their rescue.

The three abductees are said to have potentially known Castro, making it believable that he could have easily swayed them into entering his web. Upon entering the house where Berry and her captive comrades were being held, police found a plethora of chains, ties and other apparatuses used in their 10 years of tortured captivity.

Neighbor Charles Ramsey : ‘I Got Amanda Berry, Send the Police Out’

WKYC in Cleveland is reporting that all three women were forced into sexual encounters with their captors on numerous occasions, which may have resulted in at least five pregnancies during their time spent captive. At least one child is believed to be born from Amanda Berry, survived and was rescued alongside the abducted trio.

Leading the way in law enforcement’s case against the suspected captors, is scientifically-accurate DNA testing. The process, which identifies specific genomic markers in a person’s genetic makeup can be used to accurately determine kinship, parenthood and other relationships via comparison. It can also assist in sexual assault identification. This form of scientific demarcation will seal the prosecution’s case against the men accused of this despicable act.

DNA testing has become a major force in assisting police with its crime solving applications. When biological crime scene evidence is collected properly, valuable DNA can be found, and extruded. Therefore, it is capable of identifying the perpetrator(s) of current and past crimes via the creation of a nationwide database.

Collected DNA profiles at the local, state and federal levels have greatly enhanced law enforcement’s efficiency. Offender databases store millions of DNA profiles. Against them, DNA profiles that have been developed from crime scene evidence can be analyzed and closely compared.

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Swiss Tourist Gang Raped in India

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May 6, 2013

SwissTourist1 216x144 custom Swiss Tourist Gang Raped in India A 39-year-old woman was gang raped by four men while camping with her husband in the India Datia district forest. The couple had been on a cycling tour, which had started on February third. The husband was beaten, robbed and tied to a tree. Six men were involved, but two overpowered the husband, while the other four men raped the woman. They stole a laptop and 10,000 rupees, which is the equivalent to $185 American dollars. The woman was in shock and hospitalized.

The men all came from the village of Jharia, and each confessed to the crime. The trial began on March 30th. There are some unusual laws and events regarding this case, which include:

  • Confessions are not admissible in court
  • Confessions can be retracted
  • Twenty people have been detained for questioning
  • The Swiss ambassador to India has spoken with the couple, offering his support, and pushed for a speedy trial/justice.

In this case the senior law enforcement officials have adequate forensic evidence to convict the men. They claim their scientific evidence collected at the scene is more than adequate to prove the charges. The authorities collected vaginal swabs, samples of hair and fingerprints. They are also submitting a 100-page charge sheet to the court without a test identification parade by the accused as it was too dark for the victim to recognize her attackers. The laptop and money was found and returned to the owners.

Earlier this year, a 23-year-old woman was gang raped on a New Delhi bus and later died, which sparked outrage throughout India, hence their new implemented laws. India has recently passed the toughest anti-rape laws in their history due to the increase in rapes against women.

The minimum sentence for gang rape ranges from 10 to 20 years in prison, and perpetrators can get sentences for life imprisonment as well. In addition, India has issued a travel notice that warns people about the “increasing number of rapes and other sexual offenses.” One of the prisoners was found dead in prison, and it is unclear as to whether he committed suicide or if he was murdered.

ForensicEvidence Swiss Tourist Gang Raped in India

Forensic evidence is tested by labs like the Genetic Testing Laboratories, Inc., which is a fully accredited laboratory. This laboratory uses the most advanced technology available. They offer a large variety of tests with a guarantee of accuracy. The tests include:

  • DNA Paternity testing, maternity DNA testing, Siblingship testing, Grandparent testing and more.
  • DNA Predisposition Testing is available, which reveals genetic predisposition to specific diseases.
  • Ancestral origin DNA testing that is compared to hundreds of global populations
  • Naturalization Service/Department of human Services uses GTL labs for immigration services.

This laboratory is accredited by numerous facilities, including the American Association of Blood Banks, the National Association of Testing Authorities, Safe Harbor, International Accreditation Forum (ISO) and A2LA, which is the largest multi-discipline laboratory accreditation system in the United States that is recognized by the European Union.

Fingerprints and other DNA evidence play a major role in trials today. It is more reliable than an eye witness as the results are accurate and provide validation.

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New DNA Test to Identify Food Ingredients

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April 25, 2013

DNATesting 150x150 New DNA Test to Identify Food Ingredients When most people think of DNA testing, episodes of Maury come to mind. Their focus is all about people, and DNA testing often focuses on human genes. However, this isn’t always the case. For example, scientists have been working a new genetic test that would be able to test ingredients in food. For most people, reading the list on the back of the package is good enough, but this test would offer solid answers that no manufacturer could refute.

This new test by the Institute of Molecular Genetics, Genetic Security Research and Consulting at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU) is able to detect ingredients derived from plants and animals as well as microbes thanks to DNA sequencing. Of course, it’s not something that will happen to every family dinner, but it does have its uses. For example, DNA screening could help people who suffer from food sensitivities and allergies remove those concerns from their diet permanently. Food inspectors already exist, and they’re pretty excited about this turn of events.

Thus far, the tests have successfully detected horse meat in food content, which highlights another use. Consumers always want to know that they’re getting what they pay for and that it’s actually safe for consumption. Not only did the test detect the horse meat that made up just 1% of the food, but it could say with accuracy how much of the food was horse meat. In fact, food manufacturers that have made a habit of lying about the contents of their products could soon be facing lawsuits thanks to developments like these.

The USDA is also on the lookout for companies that might be making false claims. Most recent, the department has turned a critical eye to horse meat imported from locations such as Ireland, Poland and Iceland under the guise of beef. Ever since Ireland’s Food Safety Authority alerted the public that horse meat was present in some supposedly-beef products, safety committees around the world have been more concerned about what’s actually behind the label. This new test would make it even easier for those groups to determine the facts with accuracy.

Researchers are calling the DNA testing method “All-Food-Seq,” and they’ve been impressed with the results at this point. The test was able to locate mustard in a sausage, a product that can have many ingredients that the human eye cannot identify.

This isn’t the only development when it comes to food testing, however. QIAGEN has released a new test that requires just four hours, in comparison to the two days previously needed. Officials hope that these breakthroughs will help prevent scandals like the one that the USDA is currently looking into from happening again in the future.

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Lawsuit Could Reveal Who Michael Jackson Biologically Fathered

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April 18, 2013

MichaelJackson 150x150 Lawsuit Could Reveal Who Michael Jackson Biologically FatheredMichael Jackson’s family anticipates going to court again in the near future. This time, the battle entails suing the AEG concert company for $40 million. The family claims the company contributed to the singer’s death by working him too hard in preparation for his “This Is It” tour. The company also reportedly hired Dr. Conrad Murray, the physician responsible for overdosing Jackson with the anesthetic medication known as propofol. In 2011, the court convicted Murray on felony involuntary manslaughter charges.

Family Secrets at Risk

The trial may bring to light some of Jackson’s best-kept secrets including who in fact fathered his children. In an effort to reveal the celebrity’s long pattern of bizarre behavior, the New York Post reports that AEG desires to reveal evidence that proves Prince and Paris are not Michael Jackson’s biological offspring. The company additionally claims that the 10-year-old boy known as Blanket does have genetic ties to the singer.

Upon hearing the news of this revelation, the Jackson family supposedly pleaded with the judge to not allow disclosure of this sensitive information. They argue that regardless of whether Jackson did or did not father the youngster’s remains irrelevant. The family contends that releasing the information to the public serves no purpose except to bring further pain to the family. AEG argues the truth concerning paternity carries much relevance to the case.

AEG Request Denied

Yvette Palazuelos, the judge presiding over the case, denied AEG’s request to present the evidence. However, the impending length of the trial may provide the company with the opportunity to admit information during later arguments. AEG insists that the company possesses concrete evidence that discloses the paternal identity of the eldest Jackson children. They also charge that while trying to protect Jackson’s reputation, the family purposely covered up the fact that the singer commonly consumed alcohol and that he had a strained relationship with family members.

MichaelJacksonChildren Lawsuit Could Reveal Who Michael Jackson Biologically Fathered

Blanket is Michael’s Only Child

It is no secret that Jackson’s nurse Debbie Rowe was the eldest children’s biological mother. However, the identity of Blanket’s mother remains shrouded in mystery, although sources claim she is a Hispanic woman living in California. For years, Jackson faced speculation as to the identity of the biological father of the children. Dermatologist Arnold Klein claimed paternity, as did Jackson’s bodyguard and martial arts instructor Matt Fiddes. Great Britain based former child star Mark Lester also claims that he may have fathered at least one of the children.

Upon Jackson’s death, Fiddes requested that he and Paris undergo DNA testing to prove his biological connection with the teen. Regardless of who fathered the children, Prince, Paris and Blanket continue offering glowing praises of the singer as a wonderful father. Michael Jackson’s mother Katherine and his three children are the parties initiating the lawsuit. Reports indicate that jury selection begins during the first week in April.

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Roger Ebert’s Thoughts Regarding DNA and Evolution

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April 8, 2013

RogerEbert 150x150 Roger Ebert’s Thoughts Regarding DNA and EvolutionThe metropolis of Chicago and countless fans around the world mourn the recent passing of journalist, screenwriter and most notable film critic, Roger Ebert. Ebert’s wife Chaz, has stated cancer rapidly plagued his body. Ebert’s personal views on creation and God influenced many to call him an atheist, which he often denied. However, he has admitted to not having traditional views. Ebert preferred scientific explanations for the nature of the world around us was Darwin’s Theory of Evolution.

Theory of Evolution

Some suggested that Darwin’s ideas concerning evolution represented the “best theory in the history of science.” Current advancements in technology and science extend light years beyond Darwin’s theory and include the possibility of genetic evaluation. Darwin’s theory revolves around the principles of heredity, natural selection and variation. Until the discovery of DNA, researchers did not possess the knowledge of microscopic evidence. This particular evidence eventually shed light on the accuracy of his suppositions.

Symbiogenesis

Before fully understanding the importance of genetic information concerning cellular reproduction, Russian biologist Konstantin Mereschkowsky proposed that alterations occurred because of symbiogeneisis. He suggested involved bacterial invasion, which caused the development and alteration of the organelles found within cells. Swedish professor Ivan Wallin and biologist Lynn Margulis also shared this theory.

Horizontal DNA Transfer-Researchers later discovered this method of transferring DNA, which entails genetic information passing from one cell to the next without the necessity of reproduction by cellular division. Scientists found that cells may transmit genetic data by direct contact with another cell, by using chemical transmitters coming in contact with another cell or by inserting data into a virus. The virus invades a cell and mixes the cellular DNA with that contained in the virus.

Epigenesis

This process explains how cells differentiate during division and transform into bones, muscles and connective tissue along with varied bodily organs. Scientists now know that epigenesis occurs for a number of reasons that include DNA sequences initiating or preventing specific genes, chemical alterations in the cell and environmental factors outside the cell.

Benefits of DNA Testing

While Charles Darwin traveled the world observing animal and plant species in an effort to understand how generations changed from one to the next, modern researchers merely evaluate DNA sequences. With the ability of gene marking and sequencing, DNA testing laboratories can now capably trace an individual’s genetic ancestry to hundreds of populations located in over one dozen regions around the world. Anyone interested in learning about their ancestral origins need merely send for a convenient test kit.

In the privacy of one’s home, acquiring samples for genetic information entails swabbing the inside of the cheek. After receiving a client’s kit, the laboratory identifies gene sequences and compares these with an international database. In three to five days, clients receive a detailed report explaining the laboratory findings.

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Shakespeare Sonnets Encoded in DNA

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April 4, 2013

Shakespeare 150x150 Shakespeare Sonnets Encoded in DNAWhile electronics engineers continually amaze consumers with technology that boasts more functions and greater memory capacity, researchers recently discovered a secret in nature that may revolutionize data storage. Using this natural wonder in space barely visible, scientists successfully stored the amount of information commonly held by approximately one million CDs. The wonderment capable of handling this vast amount of data is none other than deoxyribonucleic acid, commonly known as DNA.

Researchers acknowledge that many secrets contained within DNA remain uncovered. These invisible components of life hold the information necessary for recreating every living thing on the planet. Scientists now believe that this common but miniscule genetic material may hold the key to storing the ever-growing amounts of data created in the current technological society.

The size of the DNA strand required for harboring the phenomenal quantity of information appeared only slightly visible when contained within a test tube. The data that scientists recorded onto the DNA included all of Shakespeare’s 154 sonnets, a photograph, a complete scientific paper and a brief sound clip of one of Martin Luther King Mr.‘s speeches.

Researchers accomplished the feat by transforming a traditional binary code using the first four letters found in the nucleic bases of DNA. Adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine comprise DNA. With this knowledge, scientists took the A, C, G and T for their DNA code. The initial attempt entailed using the A and C for the binary 0 coded, and the G and T represented the 1 code. However, the men encountered complications when translating the data back into a binary code. Scientists then created a more sophisticated code that more closely resembled the variations often found in DNA.

The new code converts one byte of data into a five-letter word made from the four letters. Scientists then combined these words into strings containing 117 letters each. They then overlapped these sequences, making decoding more consistent. The new code proved 100 percent successful and accurate. The storing process merely requires placing the synthetically produced DNA in a cold, dark, dry environment for indefinite lengths of time. This method of storage may hold the possibility of protecting data for centuries.

Scientists uncovered the resilience of DNA after extracting the code from a mammoth encased in ice for over 60,000 years. The durability of this incredible natural technology makes DNA encoding virtually destruction proof. DNA may prove a viable means of protecting our entire culture and library for eons. Sequencing and translating methods may change over time, but the code that forms the basis of all life never varies.

The research team believes that the ramifications for data storage using DNA remain staggering. The men suspect that given the recent discovery, a mere 41 grams of DNA might ably protect one quadrillion bytes of information. Until scientists simplify the method, the process requires too many complexities for everyday use.

While some may fear that researchers may use this coding for turning humans or other living things into science fiction super spies, scientists reassuringly claim that that scenario remains unlikely. The coding process required for this technology prevents insertion into living DNA. Anyone interested in the uses for identifying human DNA should visit GTLDNA.com.

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Why Should I Take a Paternity Test?

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March 28, 2013

PaternityTest 150x150 Why Should I Take a Paternity Test?The American Association of Blood Banks reports that laboratories perform over 300,000 paternity tests annually. This equates to laboratories receiving over 900,000 samples every year. The simplicity and relatively low cost of undergoing the tests account for the ever-increasing numbers of DNA tests performed.

Reasons for Paternity Testing

One of the most common reasons that individuals undergo a paternity test is to show proof of the identity for a biological father. Occasionally, a former female partner can confront a man claiming that he fathered the child through a brief intimate relationship. Men may suspect their female significant other of adultery and request a DNA paternity test in an attempt at determining the true heritage of a child. Similarly, grandparents may suspect promiscuity occurred and desire to verify their relationship to a child. Following the death of a parent, young adults may discover that the parent may not have had a biological tie and desire to learn their identity.

DNA Sample Collection Process

Anyone in need of DNA testing can order one to three test kits from a certified laboratory. Samples required for acquiring genetic material entails swabbing the inside of the cheek with a device that appears similar to a large cotton swab. Individuals then insert swabs into each individual container with the necessary information and send the kit back to the lab.

Depending on the facility, laboratories complete tests within one to six weeks. Individuals typically receive the test results by mail. If a court determination depends on the results of the test, they must purchase legally binding tests which require notarized signatures of the people chosen to serve as the witness or witnesses during the swabbing process.

FatherandBaby Why Should I Take a Paternity Test?

Distinguishing between Two Possible Fathers

Samples obtained from the mother, child and more than one man provide more than enough genetic information for proving the paternity of either man with 99.99 percent accuracy. When a test on two related men is required, test results may exhibit lower numbers compared to tests of two unrelated men. If the men are twins, there is no possibility of accurately identifying the father.

The DNA Testing Process

Each child receives 23 chromosomes from their mother and 23 chromosomes from their father. Each cell contains a combination of these chromosomes for a total of 23 chromosomes. DNA tests analyze the chromosomes of the mother, the chromosomes of the father and compare these sequences with samples obtained from the child.

The accuracy of the testing process varies between laboratories. Some only identify DNA using five chromosomal markers while others use 16. The more markers identified and used for comparison increases the accuracy of identification. Each parent contributes these 16 markers to the child. The DNA of the parent in question must have all 16 markers. Technicians then compare these markers with a large database for any other possible matches. Using the general population as a guide, the results indicate the probability that a particular man contributed the DNA found in the child.

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Ne-Yo Sued by Alleged Baby Mama after Paternity Test Results

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March 18, 2013

NeYo Ne Yo Sued by Alleged Baby Mama after Paternity Test ResultsSinger Ne-Yo has gained recent media attention over his recent paternity tests results from his ex-girlfriend Jessica White. According to court documents, Ne-Yo admits to demonizing the women in public to aid the selling of his records. White has filed a defamation of character lawsuit against the rapper as his stories have hurt her reputation. It is said that Jessica is now unable to gain employment, which will leave her unable to support her young son.

Ms. White and Ne-Yo had an intimate relationship at one time. She became pregnant, but informed the singer that he may or may not be the child’s biological father. Ne-Yo admittedly was not concerned about the infant’s possible biological connection and agreed to parent the infant without undergoing a DNA test. His name appears on the child’s birth certificate as the father and he named the boy Chimere. Ne-Yo’s birth name is Shaffer Chimere Smith. Before the couple parted ways, Ne-Yo supported White and the baby from 2004 to 2007. He also paid White a settlement in 2009, which included a privacy clause.

After the couple separated, he went on a public tirade claiming that White took the child to an unknown destination. White claims that Ne-Yo had the woman’s e-mail address and phone number but failed to remain in contact. The rapper went on to claim that White manipulated him into believing that he fathered the child. He says family and friends influenced him to undergo paternity testing. Documents indicate that White influenced the paternity testing and Ne-Yo complied.

The barrage of comments and defamatory claims against White by Ne-Yo include a continuous array of vulgar names and demands for money. Ne-Yo reportedly contacted White in 2010 in hopes of repairing their relationship. The singer’s repeated behavior destroyed any attempts at reconciliation with the woman and rumored child. White claims that Ne-Yo’s continued defamation constitutes a breach of contract while causing her emotional and financial distress.

NeyoFamily Ne Yo Sued by Alleged Baby Mama after Paternity Test Results

Paternity suits remain a problem in today’s society. Statistics indicate that over 300,000 men undergo paternity DNA testing annually. Studies further suggest that only one-third of the men tested actually fathered the child. DNA testing requires at minimum a sample from the child and from the father. While at one time testing required blood samples, modern tests only require swabbing the inside of the mouth for cells that contain the DNA. By analysis, technicians identify the genetic information provided by each parent.

After isolating the father’s DNA, laboratory staff reviews the genetic material with a large database that compares the male’s sample sequence with a public database. The comparison then computes the probability that the man is or is not the child’s father. When requiring the test results for court cases, individuals must submit samples in front of non-biased witnesses. Attorneys may receive the subsequent results for submission to the court for determination.

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McDonald’s Orders DNA Tests from European Beef Suppliers

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March 7, 2013

The world famous fast food chain McDonald’s recently initiated measures that ensured no horsemeat entered into the beef hamburgers sold in European restaurants. In lieu of reports that horsemeat tainted products found their way into a number of grocery stores, McDonald’s now requires that European meat suppliers perform DNA testing.

McDonaldsLogo McDonald’s Orders DNA Tests from European Beef Suppliers
The Illinois based company reports that testing has not revealed horsemeat in any of the beef purchased by the corporation. McDonald’s representatives also added that they had no intention of selling meat containing other than 100 percent beef products.

Burger King has also continues to battle rumors that the fast food chain sells beef hamburgers containing horsemeat. Facility representatives offered that the tainted meat originated in the Silvercrest facility, located in Ireland. Burger King assured consumers that the franchise does not purchase raw meat products from this company.

Beef purchased from the Ireland based company recently tested positive for having traces of horse DNA, creating scandalous headlines. The amounts of DNA discovered, fall far below the levels accepted by Food Safety Authority of Irelands regulations. Horsemeat does not pose a health risk to consumers, but qualifies as false advertisement when not disclaimed by a restaurant.

McDonaldsBeef 200x300 McDonald’s Orders DNA Tests from European Beef SuppliersThe inspection testing posed potential public relations headaches for fast food chains, the anomaly increased prospects for forensic laboratories that regularly offer DNA testing. Food processors and grocery stores do not normally subject meat products to such rigorous evaluation. The FSA introduced the test in attempts at verifying that package labels contained accurate information. The organization found that even packages labeled as having “pure” meat coming from one animal may contain traces of other animals. The contamination occurs during the slaughtering process or when transporting meat from one location to another.

More shocking information surfaced when inspectors discovered that some of the hamburger meat produced at Silvercrest contained up to 29 percent horsemeat. Further investigation traced the error to a supplier located in Poland. An executive employed with Britain’s Food Standards Agency reported that the cross-contamination occurred after Silvercrest acquired slaughterhouse-trimmed meats from Poland in packages bearing beef labels that actually contained both bovine and equine.

The BFSA believes that the contamination may have reoccurred over the course of the past year. The Co-Operative Group British grocery chain also recently performed DNA testing. Inspectors discovered that a package of ground meat on display for resale contained almost 18 percent horsemeat. The meat also came from the Silvercrest plant. Co-Op severed their contract with the company.

Other Irish grocery chains affected by the dilemma include Tesco and Iceland. Iceland performed tests and found traces of equine and porcine meat in the beef products purchased. Irish lawmakers remain in the process of evaluating how and why Silvercrest obtained the contaminated products. As this error has the likelihood of occurring worldwide, quality assurance expert’s suspect that many more processing plants and grocery chains in various countries may soon implement DNA testing as part of the meat inspection process. Genetic testing laboratories most commonly provide testing for determining paternity, tracing genealogy or evaluating the propensity for developing disease processes.

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The Benefits of DNA Testing at Home

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February 25, 2013

DNA testing from home is a discreet and convenient way to establish the paternity of a child from the comfort and privacy of your home. Paternity testing is an important step in establishing who the biological father of a child is. This type of testing is extremely important when seeking child support or for fathers, who want parental rights. Genetic Testing Laboratories offer affordable and accurate in home DNA paternity testing.

DNAtest The Benefits of DNA Testing at Home

1. Accuracy of In Home DNA Testing

GTL DNA performs tests within their quality laboratories. Paternity testing is based on sixteen genetic makers to determine the father of a child. If a man is the actual father of a child, fifteen of these genetic markers will correspond exactly with the child’s genetic material. The sixteenth genetic marker is the one that determines the sex of an individual, so it does not factor into this test. These tests when combined with a sampling of the mother’s genetic material are 99.999 percent correct. GTL testing is a 1000 times more conclusive than tests that only have 99 percent accuracy.

2. The Importance of an Accredited DNA Testing Lab

An accredited laboratory must go through a series of thorough assessments and examinations of their testing sites and laboratory procedures. All testing is assessed to make sure it meets the highest standards for precise DNA testing. Laboratories that are not accredited may not deliver the same type of quality testing and may not be used to court cases to determine legal custody. GTL meets the AABB or the American Association of Blood Banks standards for sample collection and testing procedures.

3. Legal Paternity Testing Requirements

A legally admissible paternity test must meet certain criteria established by the AABB. This agency requires that the sample kit be sent to an individual, who does not know the person to be tested. Generally this is a professional collector. A photographic identification is needed to verify the identity of the person tested. This process is a way to establish the legal integrity of the DNA testing, because it is overseen by an unbiased third party. GTL DNA supplies all information to ensure a test will meet the standards required by the AABB to be recognized as an accredited legal paternity test.

4. Advantages of In Home Testing

The accuracy of GTL DNA genetic tests provide the peace of mind that the tests individuals receive are correct. For many individuals, knowledge of paternity is more important than a legally binding test. The “collect and send” test is a relatively simple way to collect DNA samples and send them back to the lab. Each test includes instructions on how to collect genetic material with an ordinary cotton swab. The DNA paperwork is ready to download and print. Then all that is needed is to send it to GTL for testing. Paternity is too important to leave to an unaccredited company. Go with an accredited laboratory and get quality results, when they matter most.

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